Effects of Diabetes on the Body
Author: Ham Pato
Diabetes is a disease of worldwide distribution. The term diabetes, considered in isolation, means pass through . This concept was attributed many centuries ago of an alleged kidney disorder responsible for the production of polyuria, one of the hallmarks of the disease. From a clinical standpoint, diabetes mellitus usually occurs in two stages of life, denominating juvenile diabetes to that observed mainly in adolescence or young adulthood and adult diabetes, one that affects a mature individual.
Glucose Metabolism
The glucose goes into the tissues in order to provide the basis for the same energy. The cells incorporate it in two ways: 1) through insulin used as a transport, and 2) without the hormone. Tissues that require the participation of insulin to glucose incorporation, such as resting muscle tissue and adipose tissue, called insulin, and those that do not require the hormone to incorporate glucose, such as the brain, called insulin-dependent tissues. The active muscle tissue behaves as non-insulin-made which is recommended for diabetic patients in sport.
Pancreatic tissue
Insulin
In the normal individual glucose decreases after the incorporation of glucose into cells. In insulin-dependent diabetes must become a medication to bridge the shortfall of the pancreas.
Cell ß (beta)
The pancreatic ß-cell is responsible for producing insulin, the hormone responsible for glucose transport and incorporation into insulin-dependent tissues for later use.
Islets of Langerhans
The islet of Langerhans pancreatic functional structure is responsible for the production and release of hormones such as insulin and glucagon, involved in glucose regulation. Insulin is the only hormone capable of delorganismo decrease blood glucose, whereas glucagon and other products can increase it.
Cell a (alpha)
Responsible for the production of glucagon, a hormone involved in glucose regulation.
EFFECTS OF DIABETES ON THE BODY
Plantar ulcer and diabetic neuropathy
The “evil piercing plant” plant defines a painless ulcer, partly the result of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy of the table involved that affects individuals with diabetes, and basically peripheral nerve terminals, loss of sensation being the most common manifestation. In this case there is an ulcerated lesion in which adds an edge with features of infectious process, and among the microorganisms most frequently involved is necessary to take into account different Escherichia coli and Clostridium species.
Hyperlipidemia
The accumulation of lipids is an important component of atherosclerosis and hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides in the blood for adequate levels of health) is the quintessential hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients, predisposing to vascular disease.
Cerebrovascular disease
The existence of an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with diabetes is explained by the effect on the occurrence of other risk factors such as hypertension.
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the western world’s workforce, estimated that 50% of patients develop this condition at some time during the course of their disease. Are considered predisposing factors for the condition: the deficit in glucose control in the long term, inadequate serum triglycerides and age.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is a condition associated with high levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein) and decreased levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein) in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, but mainly in women with diabetes insulin.
Glomerulopathy
In the long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes injuries usually occur at the level of the renal glomeruli. Such lesions are manifested initially with mild proteinuria (protein loss in urine). Often a long-term diabetes was complicated by kidney diseases can lead to significant protein loss.
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